BWchem

1. LEWIS STRUCTURES

2. SHAPES

Chemical Reactions
3.    2 C₆H₁₀ + 17 O₂ = 12 CO₂ + 10 H₂O
4.    C₉H₁₀O + 11 O₂ = 9 CO₂ + 5 H₂O
5.    C₆Cl₁₄ + 6 O₂ = 6 CO₂ + 7 Cl<sub>2
6.      H2 + I2 = 2 HI

THERMODYNAMICS</sub>
 

		kJ = J/1000
/_\G = /_\H - T /_\S		K = degreesC + 273

7.

Reaction has
/_\H =	-55	kjoules
temp=	40	C	313	K
/_\S=	1.3	kilojoules
What is /_\G?
-461.9
For a spontaneous process at constant temperature and pressure, DG must be negative.
Is the reaction Spontaneous?
YES

8.

/_\H =	61	kjoules
temp=	ALREADY in KELVIN		250	K
/_\S=	0.6	kilojoules	600	joules (given)
What is /_\G?
-89
Is the reaction Spontaneous?
YES

<sub>9. A Chem reaction releases heat = Exothermic
Water freezes = Exotermic
Water boils = ENDOthermic
Hot iron cools down = EXOthermic
Wood burns =EXOthermic

10. Ice melts = ENTROPY increases. 
A man organizes papers : Entropy DECreases
Salt dissolves in water: Entropy DECREASES
2F (g) -> F2 (g) entropy DECREASES
A gas condenses into a liquid -> Entropy DECREASES</sub>

SOLUTIONS use 4 + sig figs

11) .31=7.5/[119(liters)] liters=0.203307129

.2033 

12)

-->

.27/(58.5)(.11)=.041958042

round to

.04196

13)

-->

Concentrations= 0.23    =                      G          grams/ (59.1*0.73)

            G=0.23*(59.1*.73)= 9.92289

9.923 g 

14) Boiling point =

100	+	14.2	2	0.51
		58.5	0.67
100.3695369307

  
15) Freezing point =

Na2CO3
0	-	5.26	3	1.86
		106	0.434
-0.6380053908

16) Coke is mostly sugar dissolved in water
a. The solvent: Water
b. The solution: Coke

Equilibrium (MUST include at the start of answer “Keq=”

17) 
Keq =  [Ba²⁺][OH^-]^{2                           
Note: The Ba(OH)2} is SOLID not the same state as others

       

18)
Keq = [H₂0]² / [H₂] ² [O₂]

 

<sub>ACIDS and BASES
19. What is a acid? Proton donor.
20. What is a base?  Proton acceptor.</sub>
 
Write the conjugate bese for each cojugate acid.
21. NH3 + H2O ->  H3O+ + NH2- 
NH2- is therefore the conjugate base of ammonia  
HCO₃^- conjugate base is carbonate, CO3^{2-
H₂O  :} OH^- is the conjugate base

SH-    conjugate base is S2-